Industrial Water Treatment Operation and Maintenance - a PDH Online Course for Engineers, Architects and Surveyors

Industrial Water Treatment Operation and Maintenance

Course Outline

This 10 hour course Industrial Water Treatment Operation and Maintenance will cover the operation and maintenance of industrial water systems. The various problems encountered in industrial water treatment will be covered. The problems covered will include scaling, corrosion, suspended solids and biological factors among others.

Some of the chemistry concepts found in the text will be summarized for a better understanding of the underlying science involving water purification.

This course includes a multiple-choice quiz at the end, which is designed to enhance the understanding of the course materials.

Learning Objective

At the conclusion of this course, the student would have learned the following:

How to determine the Ion exchange;
The effects of oxygenated water;
When to test for water hardness;
The effects of water hardness;
How to remove Carbon Dioxide from water;
How to determine water compounds;
The chemical formulas for various compounds;
How to determine the vapor-liquid ratio;
The boiling point of various amines;
The effects of pH in water systems;
How to remove sulfate scale from water systems;
How to remove silica scale from water systems;
How to determine the silica carryover;
Possible causes of loss of alkalinity in boiler systems;
How to determine makeup water;
How to determine various cycles of concentration;
The ability to reduce hardness by calcium and magnesium;
How to determine water softness;
The color of various Iron Oxides;
pH levels that facilitate the formation of calcium phosphate;
pH levels that are likely to cause corrosion in boilers;
The operating pressure of deareators;
The most common source of carbon dioxide in stem condensate;
How to determine the rate of corrosion;
Optimum pH that sustain growth of various microorganisms;
Effects of Chlorine compounds as industrial oxidizing biocides;
The uses of Bromine in water systems;
The origination and use of the Wisconsin protocol;
The typical sand filtration rates;
Cause of tastes and odors in water;
How to determine anode or active metals;
Various corrosion inhibitors;
The effects of scale on tensile strength of pipes;
The differences between cation and anions;
The effects of bacteria on piping systems;
How to determine the atomic number for various elements.
Various types of cooling towers;
Common water related problems in boiler systems;
Various legislation related to water uses and treatment; and
The effects of steam on food preparation.

Intended Audience

This course is intended for environmental engineers, hydraulic engineers, chemical engineers, municipal engineers, military engineers, project managers, and any persons working in civil engineering field or anyone with an interest in Industrial Water Treatment Operation and Maintenance.

Benefit to Attendees

The student will gain knowledge of the operation and maintenance of industrial water systems.

Course Introduction

Industrial water is used in a wide variety of ways for military and civil operations. Industrial water is used in power generation, heating, air conditioning, cooling, processing, refrigeration and many others that require water to operate.

The treatment of industrial water usually does not have to be accomplished with a high degree of sanitation. Industrial water is not used as “potable” water and is not consumed or added to food products. However industrial water is indirectly used in the food preparation process.

Course Content

This course Industrial Water Treatment Operation and Maintenance will cover the operation and maintenance of industrial water systems. The various problems encountered in industrial water treatment will be covered. The problems covered will include scaling, corrosion, suspended solids and biological factors among others.

You will be directed to study the United Facilities Criteria (UFC) document “Industrial Water Treatment Operation and Maintenance” as published on the DOD website.

Industrial Water Treatment Operation and Maintenance

Please click on the above underlined hypertext to view, download or print the document for your study. Because of the large file size, we recommend that you first save the file to your computer by right clicking the mouse and choosing "Save Target As ...", and then open the file in Adobe Acrobat Reader. If you still experience any difficulty in downloading or opening this file, you may need to close some applications or reboot your computer to free up some memory.

A Short review of some chemistry concepts found in this course

Ions can be described as cation and anions and they are the result of atoms losing or gaining electrons. Cations are ions that have a positive charge and anions are ions with a negative charge. Cations have more protons than electron thus giving it a positive charge. Anions have more electrons than protons and as a result anions have a negative charge.

The charge of ions is indicated by a positive or negative superscript placed after its symbol. The following are common cations and anions that can be found in influent water.

Example #1

Cations:
Hydrogen (H+)
Sodium (Na+)
Magnesium (Mg++)

Anions:
Chloride (Cl -)
Sulfate (SO4 =)

Stoichiometry review

Stoichiometry can be described as simply the balancing of chemical equations by using qualitative relationships.

The formula below is taken from the text and illustrates bicarbonate and carbonate anions exchanged for chloride anions.

NaHCO3 + ZCl → NaCl + ZHCO3
The elements used in the above reference reaction are shown below along with their respective charges and atomic numbers. Hydrogen (H+) – Atomic Number = 1
Carbon (C+) – Atomic Number = 6
Oxygen (O-) – Atomic Number = 8
Sodium (Na+) – Atomic Number = 11
Chlorine (Cl-) – Atomic Number = 17

*Z – Zeolite used for ion exchange

The atomic numbers are shown on the periodic table of elements along with their respective elements; see link below. Elements are listed on the periodic table in numerical order using their atomic number. E.g Hydrogen (H) has an atomic number of 1, and Xenon (Xe) has an atomic number of 54.

Periodic Table of the Elements

When balancing an equation the total atomic number for each side of the equation must balance. Therefore each side of the equation should have the same atomic number. In the example below each side of the equation has a total atomic number of 59:

Example #2

NaHCO3 + ZCl → NaCl + ZHCO3
[11+ 1+6+8(3) + 17] = 59 → [11+17 + 1+6+8(3)] = 59

Course Summary

The information presented in this course will provide the reader with the knowledge that is essential to the operation and maintenance of industrial water treatment.

Using good engineering judgment is always paramount in any situation. Utilizing good judgment and the knowledge gained in this course will aid the reader with the knowledge to be a success in industrial water treatment.

Related Links

For additional technical information related to this subject, please visit the following websites:

US Army Engineering Publications:
http://www.army.mil/usapa/eng/

Unified Facilities Criteria:
http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_cat.php?o=29&c=4

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):
http://www.epa.gov/

Los Alamos National Laboratory:
http://periodic.lanl.gov/images/periodictable.pdf

References:

Industrial Water Treatment Operation and Maintenance, 2005, http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/DOD/UFC/ufc_3_240_13fn.pdf

Reynolds, Vincent. “Water Desalination (C403) – Course Content” . 2010 < http://www.pdhonline.com/cgi-bin/quiz/courses/courselist.cgi?class_name=c403 >

Quiz

Once you finish studying the above course content, you need to take a quiz to obtain the PDH credits.

DISCLAIMER: The materials contained in the online course are not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of PDH Center or any other person/organization named herein. The materials are for general information only. They are not a substitute for competent professional advice. Application of this information to a specific project should be reviewed by a registered architect and/or professional engineer/surveyor. Anyone making use of the information set forth herein does so at their own risk and assumes any and all resulting liability arising therefrom.